The Dead Sea is situated on the Syrian-African fault, a geological phenomenon that was created some three million years ago during a great natural disruption. Many ancient layers of mineral-rich earth were exposed. Salt water springs erupted, forming a valley and a lake 400 meters (1300 feet) below sea level, making it the lowest point on earth.

Over millions of years, the hot dry air and high evaporation rate have contributed to the high salt concentration present in the Dead Sea, making it one of the saltiest lakes in the world. Compared to the 3% salt content of ordinary sea water, Dead Sea water contains 32% salts with relatively high concentration of minerals such as magnesium, calcium, silica, sodium, and potassium.